
Vivendi (France)



Vivendi,
formerly Vivendi Universal, slimmed down dramatically after it came close to financial
collapse in 2002, and has delivered an impressive recovery. From 1998 onwards ambitious chairman Jean-Marie Messier oversaw a string of big acquisitions which
transformed Compagnie Generale Des Eaux in name and in size, and also from a
French utilities business into a global media
giant. But the group accumulated huge debts in the process, leading
Vivendi to a series of escalating losses. Misjudged management
decisions and an impending cash crisis led many to question the
validity of Messier's strategy, and he was ousted in 2002. A new management team
was appointed to dismantle the mess left by Messier, selling off all but five
key subsidiaries including SFR, Canal+, Universal Music
and its games division, now part of global #1 Activision Blizzard. Advertising Age estimated global measured advertising expenditure of
$729m in 2007, making Vivendi the world's #49 advertiser.
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